Keeping Pace: Strengthening the UK’s Modern Slavery Response Amid Global Progress

The UK’s Modern Slavery Act 2015, once seen as a pioneering legislative framework, is facing growing scrutiny amid concerns that its impact has diminished over time. A recent report from the Modern Slavery Act 2015 Committee indicates that while progress has been made, the UK risks falling behind global efforts to combat modern slavery unless further reforms are implemented.

At its inception, the Act aimed to "tackle, prevent and disrupt" modern slavery through measures such as increased transparency in supply chains and enhanced support for victims. However, as international legal frameworks evolve, the UK’s approach now appears static. For instance, countries like Australia have introduced binding due diligence obligations for businesses, while the UK requires businesses to publish annual transparency statements on their efforts to combat modern slavery. While this requirement is mandatory for companies meeting specific criteria, it could be strengthened by enforcing more detailed reporting standards and introducing penalties for non-compliance.

Immigration policy remains a complex factor. Recent legislative changes, including the Nationality and Borders Act 2022 and the Illegal Migration Act 2023, have sparked concerns among advocacy groups about their potential to reduce protections for trafficking survivors. Balancing immigration control with victim support requires a sensitive and well-coordinated approach to avoid unintended consequences.

Additionally, fragmented oversight in labour market regulation has allowed vulnerabilities to persist in emerging high-risk sectors such as social care. Establishing a centralised enforcement body could streamline efforts, ensuring a more cohesive response to labour exploitation across industries.

To reinforce its commitment to eradicating modern slavery, the UK could consider a multi-faceted policy overhaul aimed at prevention, protection, and prosecution.

First, introducing legally mandated supply chain due diligence would encourage businesses to proactively identify and address risks. Companies would be required to conduct regular assessments, publish detailed findings, and take remedial action when exploitation is identified. This measure would align the UK with global best practices, fostering corporate accountability while strengthening the ethical standards of British commerce.

Second, creating an independent Single Enforcement Body would centralise monitoring and enforcement, reducing overlap and ensuring timely action against labour violations. This agency could serve as a specialised authority with investigative powers, capable of coordinating with law enforcement, regulatory bodies, and non-governmental organisations. Clear guidance and accessible compliance resources would help businesses navigate complex legal requirements while promoting fair competition.

Third, refining immigration policies to distinguish clearly between individuals seeking asylum and those trafficked against their will could prevent the criminalisation of victims. This approach would involve expanding the identification process for potential trafficking survivors and ensuring secure and non-punitive reporting mechanisms. Providing survivors with legal aid and long-term residency options would demonstrate the UK’s humanitarian commitment while reinforcing its legal obligations under international treaties.

Fourth, greater investment in victim support services is essential. This could include expanding safe housing options, counselling, and tailored reintegration programmes. A victim-centred approach ensures that survivors receive the necessary support to rebuild their lives and contribute positively to society.

Finally, fostering international partnerships and sharing intelligence with global allies could strengthen cross-border efforts to dismantle trafficking networks. Enhanced diplomatic collaboration would enable faster identification of trafficking routes and more effective prosecution of perpetrators.

The UK has a strong foundation in its Modern Slavery Act, but adapting to evolving challenges is essential. By implementing these constructive policy measures, the nation can reaffirm its position as a global leader in the fight against modern slavery while safeguarding the rights and dignity of vulnerable individuals.

For further details, read the full report from the Modern Slavery Act 2015 Committee here.